The Immune System Explained Briefly

Every second of your life, you're under fire . Billions of bacteria, viruses, and fungi try to form you their home, so our bodies have developed an excellent complex little army with guards, soldiers, intelligence, weapons factories, and communicators to guard you from...well...dying.

 Let's assume the system has 12 different jobs. for instance , kill enemies, communicate, etc. And it's 21 different cells and a couple of protein forces These cells have up to 4 different jobs. Let's assign them. Here are the interactions. Now, let's make this understandable. First of all, let's add colours to the roles .

Now, let's illustrate the cells. The central colour represents the most job of the cell, while the encompassing ones represent secondary duties. Now the system seems like this. Now the interactions. Isn't this complexity just awesome? For this, we'll only mention these cells and ignore the remainder . So, what happens within the case of an infection?

Intro

It is a beautiful day, when suddenly, a wild rusty nail appears and you narrow yourself. the primary barrier of the system is breached: your skin. Nearby bacteria take up the chance and enter your wound. they begin consumption the body's resources and double their numbers about every 20 minutes. 

At first, they fly under the radar, but when a particular bacteria population is reached, they modify their behavior and begin to wreck the body by changing the environment around them. The system has got to stop them as fast as possible. First of all, your guard cells, referred to as macrophages, intervene. they're huge cells that guard every border region of the body. 

Most of the time, they alone can suffocate an attack because they will devour up to 100 intruders each. They swallow the intruder whole and trap it inside a membrane. Then the enemy gets weakened by enzymes and is killed. On top of that, they cause inflammation by ordering the blood vessels to release water into the battlefield so fighting becomes easier. 

You notice this as a really mild swelling. When the macrophages fight for too long, they call in heavy backup by releasing messenger proteins that communicate location and urgency. Neutrophils leave their patrol routes within the blood and move to the battlefield. The neutrophils fight so furiously that they kill healthy cells within the process. On top of that, they generate barriers that trap and kill the bacteria. 

They are, indeed, so deadly that they evolved to kill after five days to stop them from causing an excessive amount of damage. If this is often not enough to prevent the invasion, the brain of the system kicks in. The dendritic cell gets active. It reacts to the signals of the soldiers and starts collecting samples from the enemies. They rip them into pieces and present the parts on their outer layer. 

Now, the dendritic cell makes an important decision. Should they involve anti-virus forces that eradicate infected body cells or a military of bacteria killers? during this case, anti-bacteria forces are necessary. It then travels to the closest lymph gland in a few day. 

Here, billions of helper and killer T cells are waiting to be activated. When T cells are born they are going trough a difficult and sophisticated training process and only 1 / 4 survives. The surviving cells are equipped with a selected set-up. and therefore the denditric cell is on its way trying to find a helper T cell with the set-up that's good . 

It's trying to find a helper T cell which will bind the parts of the intruders which the dendritic cell has presented on its membrane. When it finally finds one, a sequence reaction takes place. The helper T cell is activated. It quickly duplicates thousands of times. Some become memory T cells that stay within the lymph gland and can cause you to practically immune against this enemy. Some visit the sector of battle to assist out. 

And therefore the third group goes on to visit the middle of the lymph gland to activate a really powerful weapons factory. just like the T cells, they're born with a selected set-up and when a B cell and a T cell with an equivalent set-up meet, hell breaks loose. The B cell duplicates rapidly and starts producing many little weapons. They work so hard that they might literally die from exhaustion in no time . Here, helper T cells play another important role; they stimulate the hard working factories and tell them: "Don't die yet, we still need you, keep going!"

 This also ensures that the factories die if the infection is over therefore the body doesn't waste energy or hurt itself. But what's produced by the B cells? You've heard of them in fact , antibodies. Little proteins that are engineered to bind to the surface of the precise intruder. There are even different sorts of antibodies that have slightly different jobs.

 The helper T cells tell the plasma cells which sort is required the foremost during this particular invasion. many them flood the blood and saturate the body. Meanwhile, at the location of infection, things is getting dire. The intruders have multiplied in number and begin hurting the body. Guard and attack cells fight hard, but also die within the process. Helper T cells support them by ordering them to be more aggressive and to remain alive longer. 

But without help they can not overwhelm the bacteria. But now, the second line of defense arrives. Billions of antibodies flood the battlefield and disable many the intruders, rendering them helpless or killing them within the process. They also stun the bacteria and make them a simple target. Their back is made to attach to killer cells, in order that they can connect and kill the enemy more easily. Macrophages are especially good at nomming up the bacteria which antibodies have attached to. Now the balance shifts. during a team effort, the infection is exhausted .

 At now , many body cells have already died. No big deal, the losses are quickly replenished. Most immune cells are now useless and without the constant signals they kill , so as to not waste any resources. But some stay behind: the memory cells. If this enemy is encountered ever again within the future, they're going to be ready for it and doubtless kill it before you even notice. 

This was a really , very simplified explanation of parts of the system at work. are you able to imagine how complex this technique is, even at this level, once we ignore numerous players and every one the chemistry. Life is very complicated, but if we take the time to know it, we'll encounter endless wonders and great beauty.

All Information was Collected from Many Source like Google, YouTube, Insta, etc

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